Contrary to what entertainer Bill Cosby and many others believe, most black students do not enter school with a cultural bias against high academic achievement. Instead, these views are learned over time, and usually arise when blacks are underrepresented in classes that are the most challenging. That is the conclusion of researchers at two North Carolina universities who studied attitudes toward race and achievement of students in their home state.

The report reviews Judicial Referees' recommendation and predict its impact on state and local government.

This toolkit intends to create a “community guide to the school budget,” demystifying school finance for citizens and engaging them in the process of using the school budget as a tool for school improvement.

This paper examines schools with atypical racial test score gaps, where non-white students have ¡§beaten the odds¡¨ by performing as well as or better than white students.

This study uses individual-level data provided by the Florida Department of Education to evaluate the initial effects of Florida’s policy requiring students to reach a minimum threshold on the reading portion of the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) to be promoted to the 4th grade.

Richard Mills discussed the aim of education and role of schools in the changing global economy.

The report first introduces the survey methodology used for this study and then it summarizes the personal and demographic trend of school superintendents in the past five years, also it covers their contractual and retirement issues.

This report is the third in a series of reports that analyze the impact of state policy decisions on school districts and school children across the State of New York. This report was written by Bob Cohen of the Public Policy and Education Fund, Inc. (PPEF) based on data, tables, and charts provided by Frank Mauro, the Executive Director of the Fiscal Policy Institute (FPI).

The report provides a review of those assessments that New York’s students took during the 2003- 2004 school year.

The brief reviews the school aid system in NYS and current spending level at school district with six criteria, especially focusing on the effect of CFE court decision on the distribution of aid to school districts.

Final Test: The Battle for Adequacy in America's Schools by Peter Schrag.

This book focuses on key aspects of revenue generation for the support of public schools. The first section of the book provides general information about revenue sources, trends, and frameworks for evaluating various taxation-based strategies for raising revenues for schools.

The paper discussed the role of teacher in student learning and reviewed various strategies to improve the quality of teacher workforce.

The author reviews the history of education finance litigation, focusing on the adequacy lawsuits of the last 15 years.

An overview of the research on state aid to education and a detailed look at state aid reform in five key states: Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Texas, and Vermont.

The article compares three studies on education adequacy standards for New York city and discusses the consequences of CFE decision on students.

The article introduces the development of CFE decision and its influence on school funding in New York City.

Analysis of state achievement growth as measured by the National Assessment of Educational progress shows that accountability systems introduced during the 1990s had a clear positive impact on student achievement. This single policy instrument did not, however, also lead to any narrowing in the black-white achievement gap (though it did narrow the Hispanic-white achievement gap). Moreover, the black-white gap appears to have been adversely impacted over the decade by increasing minority concentrations in the schools.

The study included 4,948 participants in Tennessee’s class-size experiment, Project STAR. Analyses showed that graduating was related to K–3 achievement and that attending small classes for 3 or more years increased the likelihood of graduating from high school, especially among students eligible for free lunch. Policy and research implications are discussed.

The paper summarizes the legal history of The DeRolph case, on school funding equity in Ohio State, and its impact on current funding system.

This paper explores a little-understood aspect of labor markets, their spatial geography. Using data from New York State, we find teacher labor markets to be geographically very small. Teachers express preferences to teach close to where they grew up and, controlling for proximity, they prefer areas with characteristics similar to their hometown.

This paper examines New York City elementary school teachers¡¦ decisions to stay in the same school, transfer to another school in the district, transfer to another district, or leave teaching in New York State during the first five years of their careers.

This artide proposes a general conception of educational adequacy and draws on a lengthy history of economic theory and emerging empirical evidence to support that conception..

The purpose of this article is to reinvigorate the discussion of vertical equity through an assessment of the funding systems in four states that ascertains how and to what extent risk factors are addressed.

This paper explores the current state education finance systems, the need for reinventing them to provide adequacy and equity aligned to standards based reform is discussed and discusses approaches for determining a base spending level considered adequate for the average child to reach high educational standards.